| |
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
           |
Examples of Projects, Programmes, and Initiatives
|
|
"Eco-labelling: Labelling that identifies the percentage of recycled content (or the use of non-toxic ingredients, etc.) helps consumers make informed choices about the products they purchase. Canada, Germany, Japan, and the Nordic countries have government-sponsored programs, while the U.S. has two private label programs (Roseland 1998: 74)." "Scrap Lumber Collection: The City of Aberdeen, Maryland set up a demonstration project to collect scrap lumber at curbside. In addition to diverting a significant amount of waste from the landfill, the city worked with community volunteers to make birdhouses and backyard composters. Wood was also given to local non-profit organizations for trail building and other purposes (Roseland 1998: 75)." "Newspaper Deposit Charge: The Observer Newspaper in Quesnel, B.C. added a five-cent charge to their daily newspaper price. When residents are finished reading the paper, they can return it to be recycled for a three-cent refund. The deposit income supports a community-run association that operates the collection depot (Roseland 1998: 75)." Community Composting: Zurich, Switzerland's community composting program consists of nearly 600 neighbourhood composting sites. Suitable sites, educational information, and support is provided by the city. Maintenance for the compost piles is shared by the participating households. Nearly 10 percent of the city's population participate in the program (Roseland 1998: 75)." "Tax credits: Financial incentives such as tax credits can encourage businesses to base their production on secondary (used or recycled) materials. California's Recycling Market Development Zones offer tax breaks to recycling-based businesses (Roseland 1998: 75)." "Germany's Green Dot System: Implemented in 1993, this system requires manufacturers, users, and distributors of packaging to take back used packaging from consumers for recycling. In order to sell in Germany, manufacturers must reduce the amount, weight, and dimensions of packaging to make less do more, reuse where possible, and make packaging easier to recycle. Even though packaging waste is presently down to 5 percent compared to 30 percent in 1990, Germany exports a large amount of its packaging waste to other countries because its recycling facilities cannot keep up (Roseland 1998: 76-77)." "Eco-Industrial Park: Kalundborg, Denmark
is home of the world's first Eco-Industrial Park. Several businesses,
including a power station, pharmaceutical manufacturer, plasterboard
factory, fish farm, and oil refinery are linked through an innovative
symbiotic relationship. Byproducts, such as water, steam, surplus
gas, and other waste materials, are redistributed as fuel or
resources for other businesses in the Park. The exchange of wastes
provides mutual commercial benefits (Roseland 1998: 78)." |
|
Energy Efficiency and Renewables |
    
|
|||
|
